The Complete Guide to China for Travelers, 2023

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Welcome to your ultimate guide to traveling in China! This vast and fascinating country is home to a rich and ancient culture, stunning landscapes, bustling cities, and mouth-watering cuisine. Whether you’re interested in exploring historical sites, hiking through mountains, or simply soaking up the local culture, China has something for everyone. However, with its size and complexity, planning a trip to China can be overwhelming. This guide is here to help. From visa requirements and transportation to food and accommodation, we’ll cover everything you need to know to make your trip to China an unforgettable experience.

This guide covers the following topics: Visa, When to go, Language, Currency, Transportation, Accommodation, Food, Culture, What to see, Safety, Internet

History

China, with its rich history and cultural heritage, is a must-visit destination for any traveler interested in exploring the wonders of the Far East. The country has a history that spans over 5,000 years, making it one of the oldest civilizations in the world. From the Shang Dynasty (1600 BC – 1046 BC) to the Tang Dynasty (618 AD – 907 AD), China has witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties, each leaving its mark on the country’s art, architecture, and culture.

One of the most iconic landmarks of China’s ancient past is the Great Wall, a series of fortifications built to protect China from invasions. Stretching over 13,000 miles, it is the longest wall in the world and a testament to the ingenuity and determination of the Chinese people.

During the Ming Dynasty (1368 AD – 1644 AD), China witnessed a cultural and artistic renaissance, which saw the construction of some of the country’s most iconic landmarks, such as the Forbidden City and the Temple of Heaven. The Qing Dynasty (1644 AD – 1912 AD) marked a period of expansion and prosperity, with China’s population and economy growing significantly.

However, in the 19th century, China’s fortunes took a turn for the worse as it became the victim of European imperialism and colonialism. The Opium Wars and the Boxer Rebellion were two major conflicts that rocked China during this period, leading to the downfall of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912.

Today, China is a rapidly developing nation, with a blend of ancient traditions and modernity that is sure to captivate any traveler. From the bustling streets of Shanghai to the historic sites of Beijing, China offers a unique and unforgettable travel experience.

Visa

Here’s what you need to know as a traveler about the visa to China:

1. Visa types: There are several types of visas for travelers to China, including tourist visas, business visas, and student visas. You’ll need to apply for the visa type that matches the purpose of your visit.
2. Application process: You can apply for a Chinese visa through the Chinese embassy or consulate in your country or through a visa application center. You’ll need to fill out an application form, provide your passport and a passport photo, and pay a fee.
3. Requirements: The requirements for a Chinese visa vary depending on the visa type, but generally, you’ll need a valid passport with at least six months validity remaining, proof of travel itinerary, and proof of accommodation.
4. Processing time: The processing time for a Chinese visa varies depending on the embassy or consulate and the visa type. It’s advisable to apply for a visa well in advance of your trip to avoid any delays.
5. Visa validity: The validity of a Chinese visa varies depending on the visa type and the number of entries. Tourist visas are typically valid for 30-90 days and allow for single or multiple entries.
6. Visa extension: If you need to extend your stay in China, you can apply for a visa extension through the local Public Security Bureau (PSB) before your current visa expires.
7. Visa-free transit: If you’re transiting through China to another destination, you may be eligible for a visa-free transit if you meet certain requirements. Make sure to check the visa requirements before your trip to avoid any issues.
8. Visa fees: The visa fees for China vary depending on the embassy or consulate and the visa type. Make sure to check the fees and payment methods before your application.
9. Passport control: Upon arrival in China, you’ll need to go through passport control and present your passport and visa. Make sure to keep your passport and visa in a safe place during your trip.
10. Exit requirements: Before leaving China, make sure to go through the necessary exit procedures, including presenting your passport and visa, paying any applicable fees, and going through security checks.

When to go

The best time to visit China depends on your travel preferences and the regions you plan to visit. Generally, the peak tourist season in China is from April to October, when the weather is mild and most tourist attractions are open. However, this is also the busiest time, and crowds and higher prices are common.

If you prefer to avoid the crowds and enjoy lower prices, consider traveling during the shoulder season, which is from March to April and from September to November. During these months, the weather is still pleasant, and the scenery is beautiful, especially in regions like Yunnan and Guilin.

If you plan to visit northern China, including Beijing and the Great Wall, it’s best to visit during the fall or winter months from September to February when the temperatures are cooler and there are fewer crowds. However, be prepared for cold weather and potentially heavy snowfall.

In contrast, if you plan to visit southern China, including Shanghai and Hong Kong, it’s best to visit during the spring or autumn months when the weather is mild and pleasant.

Ultimately, the best time to visit China depends on your travel preferences, the regions you plan to visit, and the activities you want to do.

Language

The official language in China is Mandarin Chinese, which is spoken by the majority of the population. However, there are also many other dialects and languages spoken throughout the country, including Cantonese, Shanghainese, and Tibetan.

As a traveler, it can be helpful to learn a few basic phrases in Mandarin Chinese to navigate through the country and communicate with locals. Here are some useful phrases to get you started:

• 你好 (nǐ hǎo) – Hello
• 谢谢 (xiè xiè) – Thank you
• 对不起 (duì bù qǐ) – Sorry
• 再见 (zài jiàn) – Goodbye
• 不要 (bù yào) – Don’t want/Don’t need
• 多少钱 (duō shǎo qián) – How much is it?
• 这个 (zhè gè) – This one
• 帮我 (bāng wǒ) – Help me
• 我不会说中文 (wǒ bù huì shuō zhōng wén) – I don’t speak Chinese
• 麻烦你 (má fan nǐ) – Excuse me/Sorry to bother you

It’s also important to note that written Chinese uses characters rather than letters, so it can be helpful to learn some basic characters for directions, transportation, and food. For example:

• 餐厅 (cān tīng) – Restaurant
• 卫生间 (wèi shēng jiān) – Restroom
• 地铁 (dì tiě) – Subway
• 火车站 (huǒ chē zhàn) – Train station
• 入口 (rù kǒu) – Entrance
• 出口 (chū kǒu) – Exit
• 左转 (zuǒ zhuǎn) – Turn left
• 右转 (yòu zhuǎn) – Turn right

Learning a few basic phrases and characters can make your trip to China much more enjoyable and memorable.

Currency

The official currency of China is the Chinese Yuan (CNY), also known as the Renminbi (RMB). As a traveler, it’s important to understand the currency and how to use it during your trip.

Here are some key things to keep in mind:

1. Currency Exchange: You can exchange foreign currency for Chinese Yuan at banks, airports, and hotels. It’s a good idea to compare exchange rates and fees before exchanging your currency.
2. Cash vs. Credit: While credit cards are becoming more widely accepted in major cities and tourist areas, cash is still the most commonly used form of payment in China. It’s a good idea to carry some cash with you at all times, especially when traveling to rural areas.
3. ATMs: ATMs are widely available in major cities and tourist areas, and many accept international debit and credit cards. Be sure to check with your bank to ensure that your card will work in China and to avoid any international transaction fees.
4. Small Bills: It’s a good idea to carry small bills with you as many vendors may not be able to break larger bills, especially in rural areas.
5. Currency Symbols: The Chinese Yuan is denoted by the symbol “¥” and is sometimes referred to as “RMB.” Be careful not to confuse it with the Japanese Yen or other similar currency symbols.

Overall, it’s a good idea to familiarize yourself with the currency before traveling to China and to have a mix of cash and credit cards for your trip.

Transportation

Transportation in China is generally efficient, affordable, and convenient, with many options to choose from depending on your budget and travel style. Here are some of the most popular transportation options for travelers in China:

1. Air Travel: China has a well-developed network of airports that offer both domestic and international flights. Some of the major airlines in China include Air China, China Eastern Airlines, and China Southern Airlines. To book flights, you can use online travel agencies such as Ctrip (https://www.ctrip.com/) or Fliggy (https://www.fliggy.com/).
2. High-Speed Trains: China’s high-speed train network is the largest in the world and covers many major cities and tourist destinations. The trains are fast, comfortable, and offer a great way to see the countryside. You can book train tickets through the official website of China Railway (https://www.12306.cn/) or through online travel agencies like Ctrip and Fliggy.
3. Buses: Buses are a common mode of transportation in China, especially for short-distance trips between cities or within a city. Long-distance buses are generally cheaper than trains, but they can be less comfortable and take longer. Some popular bus companies in China include China Bus Guide (https://www.chinabusguide.com/) and China Bus Ticket (https://www.chinabusticket.com/).
4. Taxis: Taxis are widely available in major cities and are a convenient way to get around. Be sure to use licensed taxis and always negotiate the fare before getting in the car. Popular ride-hailing apps in China include Didi (https://www.didiglobal.com/) and Meituan (https://www.meituan.com/).
5. Subways: Many major cities in China have subway systems that are clean, efficient, and affordable. Subway maps and signs are usually in both Chinese and English, making it easy for foreign travelers to navigate. You can purchase subway tickets at the station using cash or a transportation card.
6. Bike Sharing: Bike sharing is a popular mode of transportation in many Chinese cities, with companies like Mobike (https://mobike.com/global/) and Ofo (https://www.ofo.com/) offering affordable and convenient bike rental services.

Accommodation

Accommodation options in China are varied and range from budget hostels to luxury hotels. Here are some popular types of accommodation in China and some examples of places to stay:

1. Hotels: There are many international hotel chains in China, including Hilton, Marriott, and Sheraton, which offer a high level of comfort and amenities. For more local flavor, you can try boutique hotels like the URBN Hotel Shanghai (https://www.urbnhotels.com/shanghai/) or the Parkview Hotel (https://www.parkviewhotel.com/) in Beijing.
2. Hostels: Hostels are a popular choice for budget travelers and backpackers. Some well-known hostel chains in China include the HI Hostels (https://www.hihostels.com/) and the YHA China Hostels (https://www.yhachina.com/). You can also find many independent hostels like the Peking International Youth Hostel (http://www.pekinghostel.com/) and the Mingtown Etour Youth Hostel (http://www.mingtownetour.com/).
3. Guesthouses: Guesthouses are a more traditional type of accommodation in China and can offer a more authentic experience. Some popular guesthouses include the Yangshuo Mountain Nest Boutique Hotel (https://www.mountain-nest.com/) and the Qingdao Lejiaxuan Boutique Guesthouse (https://www.booking.com/hotel/cn/qing-dao-le-jia-xuan-boutique-guest-house.html).
4. Airbnb: Airbnb is available in China and offers a range of options from private rooms to entire apartments. Some popular Airbnb listings in China include the Laozhai Studio in Beijing (https://www.airbnb.com/rooms/4277063) and the Riverside Apartment in Shanghai (https://www.airbnb.com/rooms/2516944).
5. Homestays: Homestays offer a chance to live with a local family and experience Chinese culture firsthand. Some popular homestay websites in China include Homestay.com (https://www.homestay.com/china) and Homestaybooking.com (https://www.homestaybooking.com/china).

Food

Chinese cuisine is famous around the world for its variety, flavors, and unique dishes. As a traveler to China, you’ll have the opportunity to sample many different types of food, from regional specialties to street food. Here are some tips to help you make the most of your culinary adventures in China:

1. Regional Cuisine: Each region of China has its own distinct cuisine, so be sure to try the local specialties wherever you go. For example, Sichuan cuisine is known for its spicy and numbing flavors, while Cantonese cuisine is famous for its dim sum and seafood dishes.
2. Street Food: China is famous for its street food, which is often affordable and delicious. Some popular street food dishes include jianbing (a type of savory crepe), roujiamo (a type of Chinese sandwich), and shengjianbao (pan-fried pork dumplings).
3. Tea Culture: Tea is an important part of Chinese culture, and there are many tea shops and teahouses where you can sample different types of tea and learn about their history and preparation.
4. Food Markets: Visiting a food market is a great way to experience the local food culture and see the variety of ingredients used in Chinese cooking. Some popular food markets include the Yu Garden Bazaar in Shanghai and the Muslim Quarter in Xi’an.
5. Etiquette: In China, it’s important to observe proper etiquette when eating. For example, it’s customary to share dishes family-style and to use chopsticks instead of a fork and knife.
6. Allergies: If you have any food allergies, be sure to communicate this clearly to the restaurant staff. Some common allergens in Chinese cuisine include peanuts and seafood.

Culture

Chinese culture is rich and diverse, shaped by thousands of years of history and influenced by Confucianism, Taoism, and other philosophical and religious traditions. Here are some key aspects of Chinese culture that you may encounter during your travels:

1. Respect for Elders: In Chinese culture, respect for elders is highly valued. This can be seen in the way people address their elders and the deference shown to them in social situations.
2. Social Harmony: Chinese culture places a strong emphasis on social harmony and avoiding conflict. This can be seen in the importance of “face” or “mianzi,” which refers to a person’s reputation or social standing.
3. Family Values: Family is central to Chinese culture, and many social customs and traditions revolve around family life. For example, the Chinese New Year is a time when families come together to celebrate and share a meal.
4. Art and Literature: Chinese art and literature have a long and rich history, with calligraphy, painting, and poetry being highly valued forms of artistic expression. Traditional Chinese painting often depicts landscapes, animals, and everyday scenes, while calligraphy is considered a form of artistic writing.
5. Festivals and Celebrations: China has many festivals and celebrations throughout the year, including the Spring Festival (Chinese New Year), the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the Dragon Boat Festival. These events offer a chance to experience the local culture and traditions.
6. Traditional Medicine: Traditional Chinese medicine, which includes practices like acupuncture and herbal remedies, is still widely practiced in China and is considered an important part of the country’s cultural heritage.
7. Martial Arts: Martial arts are an important part of Chinese culture, with many different styles and schools of practice. Popular martial arts include Tai Chi, Kung Fu, and Wushu.

What to see

Here are some top attractions to see in China, along with links for more information:

1. The Great Wall of China: One of the most iconic symbols of China, the Great Wall stretches for over 13,000 miles and offers stunning views of the surrounding countryside. Some popular sections to visit include Mutianyu, Badaling, and Jinshanling. https://www.travelchinaguide.com/china_great_wall/
2. The Terracotta Army: This collection of over 8,000 life-sized terracotta statues was buried with Emperor Qin Shi Huang and is located in the city of Xi’an. The statues are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and provide a fascinating glimpse into ancient Chinese history. https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shaanxi/xian/terra_cotta_army/
3. The Forbidden City: This imperial palace complex in Beijing served as the home of emperors for over 500 years and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Visitors can explore the many halls, courtyards, and gardens that make up this massive complex. https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/beijing/forbidden_city/
4. The Yangtze River: This river is the longest in Asia and offers a stunning backdrop for a relaxing river cruise. Highlights along the route include the Three Gorges and the Yangtze River Delta. https://www.chinahighlights.com/yangtzeriver/
5. The Potala Palace: This massive palace complex in Lhasa, Tibet was the winter home of the Dalai Lamas for centuries. Visitors can explore the many halls, chapels, and courtyards that make up this iconic building. https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/tibet/lhasa/potala_palace.htm
6. The Giant Panda Research Base: This conservation and research center in Chengdu is home to over 80 giant pandas and offers visitors the chance to see these beloved animals up close. https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/sichuan/chengdu/panda_base.htm
7. The Longmen Grottoes: These ancient Buddhist caves in Luoyang contain over 100,000 statues and carvings and are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/henan/luoyang/longmen_grottoes/
8. The West Lake: Located in Hangzhou, this scenic lake is surrounded by lush hills and gardens and is a popular destination for boating, walking, and enjoying the peaceful scenery. https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/zhejiang/hangzhou/west_lake.htm
9. The Zhangjiajie National Forest Park: This stunning park in Hunan province is known for its unique rock formations, dense forests, and stunning views. It was the inspiration for the floating mountains in the movie Avatar. https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/hunan/zhangjiajie/
10. The Shaolin Temple: This famous Buddhist temple in Henan province is known for its martial arts tradition and has been the birthplace of many famous martial arts styles, including Shaolin Kung Fu. Visitors can watch martial arts demonstrations and explore the many temples and halls on the grounds. https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/henan/dengfeng/shaolin_temple.htm
11. The Summer Palace: Located in Beijing, this UNESCO World Heritage Site was originally built in the 18th century as a retreat for the imperial family. It features a beautiful lake, ornate pavilions, and stunning gardens. https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/beijing/summer_palace/
12. Mount Huangshan (Yellow Mountain): This mountain range in Anhui province is known for its dramatic peaks, stunning views, and unique rock formations. Visitors can hike to the summit or take a cable car for breathtaking views. https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/anhui/huangshan/
13. The Bund: This iconic waterfront promenade in Shanghai is lined with historic buildings from the city’s colonial past, as well as modern skyscrapers. It’s a popular spot for strolling, people-watching, and taking in the stunning views of the Huangpu River. https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shanghai/the_bund.htm
14. The Reed Flute Cave: Located in Guilin, this limestone cave is known for its colorful rock formations, illuminated by multicolored lights. Visitors can walk through the cave and marvel at the stunning natural beauty. https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/guangxi/guilin/reed_flute_cave.htm
15. The Mogao Caves: Located in Dunhuang, these ancient Buddhist caves contain over 400 painted statues and more than 2,000 colored clay figurines. They’re a UNESCO World Heritage Site and provide a fascinating look at ancient Chinese art and culture. https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/gansu/dunhuang/mogao_caves.htm

Safety

China is generally a safe country for travelers. However, it’s always important to take common-sense precautions to ensure your safety while traveling. Here are a few tips:

1. Be aware of your surroundings: As with any country, it’s important to stay alert and aware of your surroundings. Avoid walking alone in unfamiliar areas at night, and keep an eye out for any suspicious activity.
2. Protect your valuables: Pickpocketing and theft can be an issue in crowded areas like markets and tourist sites. Keep your valuables, such as your passport, money, and electronics, secure and out of sight.
3. Follow local laws and customs: China has strict laws and regulations, particularly when it comes to things like drugs, alcohol, and public behavior. Make sure you research local laws and customs before you arrive, and be respectful of local customs and traditions.
4. Be cautious when using public Wi-Fi: Public Wi-Fi networks in China can be unreliable and potentially insecure. If you need to use Wi-Fi, consider using a virtual private network (VPN) to protect your data.

Internet

Internet access in China can be a bit different than what you’re used to in other countries. Here are a few things to keep in mind:

1. Internet censorship: China’s “Great Firewall” censors a wide range of websites and online services, including social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Some news sites and search engines may also be blocked or restricted. If you need to access these sites while in China, you’ll need to use a virtual private network (VPN) to bypass the censorship.
2. Speed and reliability: Internet speeds in China can vary widely depending on your location and the time of day. In some areas, the internet can be slow or unreliable, particularly outside of major cities. It’s a good idea to download any important documents or information before you arrive in China, just in case.
3. Language barriers: Many websites and online services in China are only available in Chinese. If you don’t speak Chinese, you may have trouble accessing certain sites or services.
4. Mobile data: If you’re using a mobile device in China, you’ll need to have a local SIM card to access the internet. You can buy SIM cards at the airport or at local mobile phone shops.

Overall, it’s a good idea to be prepared for limited internet access in China and to plan accordingly. If you need reliable and fast internet access, you may want to consider staying in a hotel or other accommodation that offers high-speed internet.